n. Literally, a successor: the title given to the successor of Mohammed as head of the Moslem state and defender of the faith.n. I. (1512-20); the office has since remained in the Ottoman (Sunni) dynasty. The title calif was assumed by the Ommiad rulers of Mohammedan Spain at Cordova (755-1031), after the overthrow of the family in Asia. The Fatimite rulers of Egypt (909-1171) also called themselves califs. Also spelled kalif, khalif, etc.