n. That point of the orbit of a celestial body which is closest to the star around which the body is orbiting.
the GNU version of the Collaborative International Dictionary of English
n. That point, in the real or apparent orbit of one star revolving around another, at which the former is nearest to the latter.
The Century Dictionary and Cyclopedia
n. In the orbit of any heavenly body which moves around another, the point where the former approaches nearest to the primary: usually applied to double stars, but also generally to any satellite.
Word Usage
"In the middle of the short but furious northern summer, which includes periastron, total insolation is more than double what Earth gets; in the depth of the long northern winter, it is barely less than Terrestrial average."