What does backpedalling mean?
Backpedalling originally referred literally to pedalling backwards, particularly while riding a bicycle. It now usually means retreating from a previously stated position, reversing a decision, or weakening a commitment, often in response to criticism or pressure. The expression is frequently critical in tone: saying that someone is backpedalling implies that the change of course is sudden, opportunistic, or intended to repair damage. In British English it is commonly used with the preposition “on,” as in “backpedalling on the decision,” although it can also appear in combinations such as “political backpedalling.” The form functions as both the present participle of the verb “backpedal” and, less frequently, as a noun naming the act of reversal. Although its literal cycling sense remains understandable, the figurative use is the dominant one in modern English.
To pedal backwards, especially on a bicycle; figuratively, to retreat from or reverse a previous position, decision, or commitment.
"Rather than defend the policy, the spokesperson began backpedalling and promised a review."
This is the present participle of “backpedal.” In figurative British usage, it is especially common with “on,” as in “backpedalling on the decision.”
An act of retreating from or reversing a previous position, decision, or course of action.
"Officials described the sudden reversal as political backpedalling."
The noun sense is less common than the verbal use and often has a critical connotation.
The plural is rare; uncountable phrasing such as “political backpedalling” is more usual.
"Repeated backpedallings made the minister's position difficult to defend."
It turns a bicycle's backward pedal into a politician's retreat.
Reviewed by Deb Chak, Editor. AI-assisted content curated by RJS Tech Solutions LLP.
Where does backpedalling come from?
Backpedalling is an English compound formed from “back” and “pedal,” with “pedal” ultimately coming from Latin pedalis, derived from pes, meaning “foot.” The compound was first used literally for moving or pedalling backwards, before its figurative sense developed to describe withdrawing from a position or reversing direction. Words such as “pedestrian” and “biped” share the same Latin root relating to the foot.
Related word forms
How backpedalling is actually used
The figurative sense is much more common today and often carries a critical implication: the speaker suggests that the reversal is prompted by criticism, pressure, or political expediency. The usual British spelling has two l's, while American spelling generally has one.