What does computation mean?
Computation refers to the act or process of calculating something — determining a result from given data by following mathematical or logical rules. Historically it covered any kind of reckoning done by hand, but today the word is most closely associated with computers: a computation may be as simple as adding two numbers or as vast as simulating the world's climate. In academic contexts, 'computation' also names an entire field of study — the theory of what can be computed, how efficiently, and with what resources. The noun carries a technical, precise connotation and appears chiefly in formal, scientific, and engineering prose rather than casual conversation. Its everyday relatives are calculation and reckoning, but computation tends to imply a systematic, rule-following procedure, especially one performed mechanically. Understanding the term is essential for anyone engaging with modern technology, since phrases like 'cloud computation', 'quantum computation', and 'distributed computation' describe how much of contemporary digital life actually gets done.
The action or process of calculating something by mathematical or logical methods.
"The answer was obtained after hours of painstaking computation."
Often used uncountably for the general activity, and countably for individual instances.
The use of computers to process information or solve problems, or the study of such processes.
"Quantum computation promises to solve certain problems far faster than classical machines."
The plural denotes multiple distinct acts or results of calculating; it is standard in technical and scientific writing.
"The program performs billions of computations per second."
Before electronic computers existed, 'computer' meant a human whose job was doing computations by hand — often women with pencils and paper.
Reviewed by Deb Chak, Editor. AI-assisted content curated by RJS Tech Solutions LLP.
Etymology of computation
Computation derives from the Latin verb computare, meaning 'to count up' or 'to calculate', formed from com- ('together') plus putare ('to reckon, to think'). The word entered English via Latin in the early 17th century, initially referring to arithmetical calculation and calendrical reckoning. Its meaning broadened dramatically in the 20th century as mechanical and then electronic machines began performing such calculations, giving rise to related terms like computer and computational.
Related word forms
How computation is actually used
Formal to technical register; common in mathematics, computer science, and engineering writing. The plural is used when referring to multiple individual acts or instances of calculating.
Easily confused with computation
Compotation is a now-rare word meaning drinking together in company, whereas computation means calculating or processing information.