What does hydrocarbon mean?
A hydrocarbon is an organic compound whose molecules contain only carbon and hydrogen. These compounds form a large and important family that includes alkanes such as methane, alkenes such as ethene, alkynes such as ethyne, and aromatic compounds such as benzene. Hydrocarbons occur naturally in petroleum, natural gas, coal, and living organisms, and they are important raw materials for fuels, lubricants, plastics, solvents, and synthetic fibres. In environmental and energy discussions, the word often refers to hydrocarbons released during the extraction, processing, or combustion of fossil fuels. Because their carbon skeletons can range from simple single molecules to complex structures, hydrocarbons occupy a central place in both chemistry and industrial production.
nounAn organic compound consisting solely of hydrogen and carbon atoms. Hydrocarbons include alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, and aromatic compounds, and are found in petroleum, natural gas, coal, and many other natural materials.
- Any organic compound made up only of hydrogen and carbon atoms.
"The factory worked to reduce hydrocarbon emissions from its industrial processes."
"Methane is the simplest hydrocarbon, consisting of one carbon atom bonded to four hydrogen atoms."
"The geologists discovered traces of hydrocarbon deposits beneath the sedimentary rock."
The plural is commonly used when referring to hydrocarbons collectively or to individual members of the chemical class.
"Some hydrocarbons are harmless, while others contribute to smog and greenhouse forcing."
Hydrocarbons are the molecular building blocks behind much of the world's energy, plastics, and synthetic materials.
Reviewed by Deb Chak, Editor. AI-assisted content curated by RJS Tech Solutions LLP.
Where does hydrocarbon come from?
Hydrocarbon was formed in the 19th century from the combining forms hydro-, meaning “water” or “hydrogen,” and carbon, referring to the chemical element. The name reflects the defining property of the class: molecules containing only hydrogen and carbon. Its components are related to hydrogen and carbon, which have long been central to the development of modern chemical nomenclature.
Related word forms
How hydrocarbon is actually used
The term is primarily used in chemistry, geology, energy, and environmental contexts. It is a formal scientific term, though commonly encountered in reporting on fossil fuels and industrial pollution.