What does language mean?
Language is the principal means by which people communicate through a shared system of spoken, written, or signed symbols organized by vocabulary, grammar, and convention. The term can describe a national or community language, such as English or Swahili, but it also refers to a specialized form of expression: the language of law, medicine, poetry, or advertising. In phrases such as “body language,” it means a communicative system that is not primarily verbal. Although language is often associated with speech, it includes sign languages, writing, and other conventional forms of communication. The word is useful because it distinguishes structured communication from a single word or isolated gesture while allowing attention to how different communities, professions, and historical periods express meaning. Its uses can also be politically significant, since recognizing a language may affirm the identity and cultural status of the people who speak it.
nounA system of communication consisting of spoken, written, or signed words and their grammatical structures. The word can also refer to the words or style of expression used by a particular person, group, or field.
- A system of communication based on spoken, written, or signed symbols, especially one with a shared vocabulary and grammar.
- The particular words, style, or vocabulary used by an individual, social group, or specialized field.
- A country or community’s linguistic identity, especially in political, cultural, or historical contexts.
"She learned several languages while growing up in a multilingual household."
"The language of the contract is deliberately precise."
"Learning a language requires regular practice as well as exposure to authentic conversation."
Use the plural when referring to several languages or to the language abilities of multiple people or groups.
"The school offers instruction in more than a dozen languages."
From Latin lingua, meaning “tongue,” language became a bridge between people and eventually a lens for understanding how human beings think.
Reviewed by Deb Chak, Editor. AI-assisted content curated by RJS Tech Solutions LLP.
Where does language come from?
The English word language comes through Old French langage from Latin lingua, meaning “tongue” or “language.” Latin lingua was itself associated with the tongue and, by extension, speech and verbal expression. Related English forms include linguist, linguistic, and bilingual, all reflecting the same Latin root. The word entered Middle English with a broad meaning encompassing speech, vocabulary, and the characteristic expression of a person or community.
Related word forms
How language is actually used
The word is neutral in general use. In political contexts, especially discussions of official or minority languages, it may carry strong associations with identity, education, and social status. “Language” is broader than “dialect,” but informal usage can vary.
Easily confused with language
A language is a structured system of communication, whereas a tongue may refer to a particular language or to the anatomical organ used for speech.
A dialect is a regional or social variety of a language, while a language generally refers to a broader linguistic system with its own standard form.