What does lectin mean?
A lectin is a protein that binds particular carbohydrate molecules, especially sugars, found on the surfaces of cells or in other biological materials. Lectins occur widely in plants, animals, and microorganisms and take many different forms, each with a characteristic preference for particular sugars. Their ability to bind carbohydrates allows them to participate in cell recognition and adhesion, and some lectins cause cells to clump together, an effect known as agglutination. Researchers exploit this binding behavior in laboratory techniques for identifying cells, studying cell surfaces, and analyzing sugars. Lectins also have practical importance in food safety: certain lectins in raw or inadequately cooked kidney beans remain active and can cause gastrointestinal illness. In general writing, however, “lectin” usually refers to the broader class of carbohydrate-binding proteins rather than to any single substance.
nounAny of a group of carbohydrate-binding proteins found in plants, animals, and microorganisms. Lectins can bind specific sugars and, in some cases, cause cells to clump together.
- A carbohydrate-binding protein found across plants, animals, and microorganisms, often used in laboratory research to identify or bind particular sugars and cell-surface structures.
"Lectins in raw or undercooked kidney beans can cause a form of food poisoning."
"Lectins in raw or undercooked kidney beans can cause a form of food poisoning."
"The assay measured lectin activity in the sample."
The plural is used when referring to multiple lectin proteins or to a class of related proteins.
"Several lectins have been identified in different plant tissues."
A lectin acts like a molecular hook, grabbing particular sugar molecules and sometimes making cells stick together.
Reviewed by Deb Chak, Editor. AI-assisted content curated by RJS Tech Solutions LLP.
Where does lectin come from?
“Lectin” was coined in the mid-20th century from Latin lectus, meaning “chosen,” a past participle of legere, “to gather” or “select.” The name reflects the ability of these proteins to select or preferentially bind particular carbohydrates. Latin legere also underlies familiar English words such as select, collect, legible, and eligible.
Related word forms
How lectin is actually used
Primarily a specialized term in biology, biochemistry, immunology, and food science. It is uncommon in general conversation, although public-health guidance sometimes mentions lectins in connection with undercooked kidney beans.