What does micronutrient mean?
A micronutrient is a substance such as a vitamin or mineral that an organism needs in very small amounts but requires for normal growth, metabolism, and health. The term is chiefly used in nutrition, biology, and agriculture, where it distinguishes trace quantities from macronutrients, the carbohydrates, fats, and proteins needed in much larger amounts. Although micronutrients are present in tiny amounts, deficiencies can be significant: the body needs iron for oxygen transport, iodine for thyroid function, and several vitamins for normal cellular activity. Foods of plant and animal origin can provide different combinations of these nutrients. The word is also used when discussing crop yields, soil enrichment, animal feed, and food fortification. In everyday discussion, saying 'vitamins and minerals' is usually more direct, while 'micronutrient' is especially useful when emphasizing the biological distinction between nutrients required in small and large quantities.
nounA nutrient required by an organism in very small amounts for normal growth, metabolism, and health. Micronutrients include vitamins and minerals, as distinct from macronutrients such as carbohydrates, fats, and proteins.
- A nutrient that an organism requires in very small quantities, typically a vitamin or mineral.
"Leafy vegetables provide several essential micronutrients, including folate and vitamin K."
"Iodine is a micronutrient needed for the normal production of thyroid hormones."
"The study found that the crop's yield increased when it received a balanced supply of micronutrients."
The plural is commonly used when referring to vitamins, minerals, or other nutrients collectively.
"A varied diet helps ensure that the body receives enough micronutrients."
Micronutrients are needed only in tiny amounts, but the absence of even one can have major consequences for health.
Reviewed by Deb Chak, Editor. AI-assisted content curated by RJS Tech Solutions LLP.
Where does micronutrient come from?
The word combines the prefix micro-, from Greek mikros, meaning 'small,' with nutrient, from Latin nutrire, meaning 'to nourish' or 'suckle.' The resulting term developed in scientific usage during the twentieth century as classifications of nutrients were refined according to the quantities organisms require. Its elements also appear in related English words such as nutrition and nutritious.
How micronutrient is actually used
The term is most common in nutrition, agriculture, and biological sciences. In general health contexts, 'vitamins and minerals' is often clearer and more accessible.
Easily confused with micronutrient
Micronutrients are needed in very small amounts, whereas macronutrients, such as protein and carbohydrates, are required in much larger quantities.