What does microvillus mean?
A microvillus is a tiny, finger-like projection on the surface of an epithelial cell. Each projection contains a core of actin filaments and is covered by the cell membrane. Collectively, large numbers of microvilli form a brush border, especially on cells lining the small intestine, where they greatly increase the surface area available to absorb digested nutrients. The term can also be used more broadly for minute surface projections on other types of cells. It is primarily a scientific and medical word, distinguished from the larger projection called a villus by its much smaller scale. Understanding microvilli helps explain how the intestine achieves efficient absorption despite its relatively compact structure.
nounA tiny, finger-like projection extending from the surface of an epithelial cell. Microvilli greatly increase the cell's surface area and commonly function in the absorption of nutrients.
- A minute, finger-like projection from the surface of an epithelial cell, typically containing a core of actin filaments and functioning to increase surface area.
"The intestinal lining is covered with microvilli that increase the surface area available for nutrient absorption."
"Dense bundles of microvilli form the brush border of the small intestine."
"Damage to the epithelial cells can reduce the number of healthy microvilli and impair absorption."
The plural is standard in anatomy and cell biology, where multiple projections are commonly discussed as a group.
"The epithelial cells possess microvilli that increase their surface area."
Some of the body's most efficient surfaces are built from thousands of microscopic fingers: intestinal microvilli can multiply the absorptive area of the lining many times over.
Reviewed by Deb Chak, Editor. AI-assisted content curated by RJS Tech Solutions LLP.
Where does microvillus come from?
The word combines the prefix micro-, from Greek mikros, meaning “small,” with Latin villus, meaning “hair” or a tuft of hair, referring to the projection's slender, hair-like appearance. The Latin noun also gives rise to English words such as villus and villous. The diminutive scientific term microvillus was formed to describe structures smaller than ordinary villi.
Related word forms
How microvillus is actually used
This is a technical term used chiefly in anatomy, histology, and cell biology. It is normally used in scientific or medical contexts.
Easily confused with microvillus
A villus is a much larger, usually slender finger-like projection, whereas a microvillus is one of the microscopic projections that collectively form a brush border.