What does missionary mean?
Missionary most often denotes a person who travels or is otherwise assigned to spread a religion, instruct others in its beliefs, and encourage conversion. In this sense, the word may describe a member of a religious organization, a self-employed proselytizer, or a person undertaking such work independently. Missionary also functions as an adjective, as in references to religious instruction, outreach, or organized campaigns. The word can be used figuratively for anyone who promotes a cause with conspicuous zeal, particularly in political or organizational contexts, where it may carry a mildly critical implication of dogmatism or excessive pressure. Its figurative sense developed naturally from the idea of someone deliberately seeking converts and striving to change other people's beliefs. Missionary position is also a familiar informal expression for a sexual position. Overall, the term combines a clear religious reference with a broader cultural meaning centered on persuasion, commitment, and enthusiastic advocacy.
A person sent to promote a religion, teach its beliefs, or seek converts; figuratively, a vigorous advocate of a cause.
"The missionary established a school that became an important center of education in the region."
The religious sense is generally neutral, while figurative uses may imply unusually forceful or dogmatic advocacy.
Relating to missionaries or the promotion of religious beliefs; figuratively, characterized by zealous or intrusive persuasion.
"The organization launched a missionary campaign to recruit new members."
Often used critically when describing promotional or ideological activity perceived as excessive.
The regular plural is formed by changing the final y to ies.
"Two missionaries visited the village to discuss the organization's educational work."
Once a label for religious envoys, the word now also serves as a vivid metaphor for promotional zeal that leaves no room for moderation.
Reviewed by Deb Chak, Editor. AI-assisted content curated by RJS Tech Solutions LLP.
Where does missionary come from?
Missionary entered English in the early 17th century from the French missionnaire, a person sent on a mission. The word ultimately derives from Latin missio, meaning a sending or mission, which comes from mittere, to send. Its subsequent development preserved the central idea of an emissary sent to spread a message or promote a cause.
Related word forms
How missionary is actually used
In religious contexts, the word is usually neutral and historical or descriptive. In figurative use, especially as an adjective, it can suggest aggressive promotion, dogmatism, or an intrusive attitude toward others. The informal expression missionary position refers to a sexual position.
Easily confused with missionary
A mission is an organization, assignment, or field of activity, whereas a missionary is the person who undertakes it.