What does mitochondrial mean?
Mitochondrial means relating to mitochondria, the small organelles found in most eukaryotic cells that convert nutrients and other molecules into usable cellular energy. The adjective is common in biology and medicine, appearing in established terms such as mitochondrial DNA, mitochondrial membranes, mitochondrial function, and mitochondrial disease. It can describe either structures or processes within mitochondria, as well as disorders involving them. Mitochondrial DNA is especially well known because it is inherited mainly from the mother and can provide information about ancestry and certain inherited conditions. In scientific writing, the adjective is precise and technical, while in health reporting it often refers to mitochondrial dysfunction and its effects on energy production. The term derives from the name of the organelle itself, mitochondrion, whose name reflects its thread-like appearance under a microscope.
adjectiveRelating to or occurring in mitochondria, the organelles that produce much of a cell's energy. Also, relating to the genetic material contained in mitochondria.
- Relating to mitochondria or their components.
- Relating to the genetic material in mitochondria.
- Involving or resulting from a mitochondrial disorder or dysfunction.
"The research focused on the role of mitochondrial dysfunction in the progression of the disease."
"Scientists are studying mitochondrial damage in people with Parkinson's disease."
"Mitochondrial DNA is inherited primarily from the mother."
Mitochondria are often called the cell's powerhouses, but their role in energy production is only one part of a much wider influence on health and aging.
Reviewed by Deb Chak, Editor. AI-assisted content curated by RJS Tech Solutions LLP.
Where does mitochondrial come from?
The adjective mitochondrial derives from mitochondrion, the singular name of the organelle. Mitochondrion was coined in the late nineteenth century from Greek roots meaning thread and grain, referring to the organelle's appearance as small thread-like structures in cells. Its plural is mitochondria, and the adjective mitochondrial was formed in the same scientific vocabulary.
Related word forms
How mitochondrial is actually used
Mitochondrial is a formal scientific and medical adjective. It is normally used in technical contexts, especially cell biology, genetics, medicine, and biochemistry.
Easily confused with mitochondrial
A mitochondrion is the cell organelle itself, whereas mitochondrial is the adjective describing it or something associated with it.