What does notwithstanding mean?
Notwithstanding means “in spite of” or “despite,” with the emphasis on continuing despite an obstacle, fact, or opposing consideration. It is widely used in formal English, especially in legal, academic, journalistic, and ceremonial writing, though “despite” or “in spite of” is usually more natural in ordinary conversation. The word can stand before a noun phrase, as in “notwithstanding the evidence,” or introduce a clause, as in “notwithstanding that the warning had been issued.” Its tone suggests firmness and often implies that the stated obstacle has been considered but does not prevent the action or conclusion described. Although the expression can sound ceremonious or somewhat old-fashioned, it remains clear and precise. It is particularly useful when the writer wants to acknowledge a complication and then present it as ultimately inconsequential.
In spite of something; regardless of it.
"Notwithstanding the delay, the team completed the journey before midnight."
Formal and more literary than the usual alternatives “despite” and “in spite of.”
Used with “that,” “though,” or “even if” to introduce a clause that expresses an obstacle to the main statement.
"The trial continued notwithstanding that the equipment had malfunctioned."
This use is formal and comparatively uncommon; it may sound marked in casual writing.
Used before a noun or noun phrase to mean “in spite of” or “despite.”
"Notwithstanding these objections, the committee reached a decision."
Common in formal and legal prose, though ordinary usage often prefers “despite” or “in spite of.”
Notwithstanding is a formal way of saying “despite,” often adding a note of firm opposition to the obstacle it mentions.
Reviewed by Deb Chak, Editor. AI-assisted content curated by RJS Tech Solutions LLP.
Where does notwithstanding come from?
Notwithstanding was formed in English from the combination of “not” and “withstanding,” the present participle of “withstand.” The longer word “withstand” comes from Old English elements meaning “with” and “stand,” originally referring to standing against or resisting something. In modern usage, notwithstanding retains the sense of standing against a fact or circumstance while proceeding regardless of it.
How notwithstanding is actually used
The word is formal and relatively uncommon in everyday speech. In careful prose it often carries the implication that the obstacle has been recognized but does not alter the outcome. When used with a clause, “notwithstanding that” may sound especially formal or old-fashioned.
Easily confused with notwithstanding
However introduces a contrast or qualification, whereas notwithstanding specifically means that something is true or happens in spite of a stated obstacle or concession.