What does perimenopause mean?
Perimenopause is the transitional phase that leads to menopause. It begins when the ovaries' function starts to change and hormonal fluctuations can produce irregular periods, hot flushes, sleep disruption, mood changes, and other symptoms. Although often described as lasting for several years, its endpoint is defined precisely: menopause is confirmed only after 12 consecutive months without a menstrual period, so perimenopause includes that first year. People may still menstruate, use contraception, or become pregnant during the transition. In general usage, “perimenopause” names the process and its associated experiences, while “menopause” names the final point at which reproductive function has ceased. Knowing the distinction can help readers interpret health information accurately, seek advice at the appropriate time, and understand why symptoms may emerge well before periods stop altogether.
nounThe transitional phase of menopause, beginning when hormonal changes and symptoms such as irregular periods start and continuing until 12 months after the final menstrual period. It may begin several years before menstruation stops permanently.
- The transitional phase preceding menopause, during which ovarian function and hormone levels begin to change and menstrual cycles may become irregular.
"Her cycles became irregular during perimenopause, and she sought advice for the accompanying hot flushes."
"Fatigue and disrupted sleep are common experiences during perimenopause."
"A clinician discussed fertility preservation and symptom management with a patient in perimenopause."
The plural is grammatically possible but uncommon; ordinary usage usually treats the term as singular or uncountable.
"Individual experiences of perimenopauses vary widely."
Perimenopause officially lasts for the year after the final period, so its end is marked by a full year without menstruation.
Reviewed by Deb Chak, Editor. AI-assisted content curated by RJS Tech Solutions LLP.
Where does perimenopause come from?
The word combines the combining form peri-, from Greek peri, meaning “around” or “surrounding,” with menopause. Menopause itself was formed from Greek roots associated with mēn, meaning “month,” and paus, meaning “stop,” reflecting the cessation of monthly menstruation. The prefixed form developed in modern medical usage to denote the period surrounding the transition into menopause.
How perimenopause is actually used
The term is used mainly in medical, health, and educational contexts and is typically treated as singular or uncountable: “the perimenopause,” “during the perimenopause,” or “in perimenopause.” Its spelling is standard in British and American English.
Easily confused with perimenopause
Perimenopause is the transition leading up to menopause, whereas menopause refers to the point at which menstruation has stopped for 12 consecutive months.