What does periphrastic mean?
Periphrastic describes language that expresses an idea indirectly, through a phrase or several words, rather than with one compact and direct expression. The best-known use is grammatical: a periphrastic construction expresses relationships such as possession, agency, or conditionality with words such as “of,” “by,” or “in the event that,” instead of relying on grammatical endings. For example, “the king’s book” may be analyzed more directly than “a book of the king.” In ordinary description, periphrastic language can sound formal, cautious, verbose, or evasive. Its usefulness lies in describing both a precise linguistic structure and a familiar stylistic effect: saying something indirectly may sometimes clarify a relationship, but it can also obscure meaning. The word derives from Greek elements meaning “around” and “phrase,” reflecting the idea of expressing a thought by going around it through other words.
Expressing meaning through a phrase or indirect wording rather than a single word; in linguistics, characterized by relationships expressed through separate words rather than inflectional endings.
"The textbook contrasts the periphrastic construction with the shorter inflected form."
In descriptive linguistics, the term is technical and neutral. In general stylistic use, it often implies excessive indirectness.
In a periphrastic manner, especially through indirect or multiword expression.
"She answered the question periphrastically, repeating the question before giving her opinion."
The adverb is less common than the adjective and is especially used in linguistic description.
Periphrastic language can say more than it means: the shortest route between two ideas is often a direct word, not a scenic detour.
Reviewed by Deb Chak, Editor. AI-assisted content curated by RJS Tech Solutions LLP.
Where does periphrastic come from?
The word comes from Greek periphrasein, formed from peri- “around” and phrasis “speech” or “expression.” English borrowed the related noun periphrasis in the 17th century and later developed the adjective periphrastic. Periphrasis, periphrase, phrase, and aphrase share this Greek linguistic inheritance, although they developed distinct grammatical functions and meanings.
Related word forms
How periphrastic is actually used
The term is most common in linguistics and in discussion of formal or deliberately indirect writing. In general use, it often carries a mildly critical connotation, suggesting that a simpler expression was available.
Easily confused with periphrastic
A periphrase is the indirect phrase used to express something, whereas periphrastic is an adjective describing that kind of expression or construction.