What does photosynthesis mean?
Photosynthesis is the process by which green plants, algae, and some bacteria use sunlight to manufacture sugars from carbon dioxide and water. The stored chemical energy in those sugars supports the organisms' growth and, directly or indirectly, most of the food chains on Earth. Oxygen is released as a by-product, making photosynthesis essential to the atmosphere that many animals depend on. The process occurs mainly in chloroplasts, specialized structures within plant cells, where chlorophyll absorbs light. In biology, the word is common in discussions of plant growth, agriculture, ecology, and climate. The term can occasionally be used metaphorically for the synthesis or development of ideas, but its central meaning is the biological conversion of light energy into chemical energy.
nounThe biological process by which plants, algae, and some bacteria use light energy to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose and other organic compounds, releasing oxygen as a by-product.
- The process by which green plants, algae, and some bacteria make organic food from carbon dioxide and water using light energy, while releasing oxygen.
"Photosynthesis in the leaves provides the plant with energy for growth."
"The seedlings begin photosynthesis as soon as they are exposed to sufficient light."
"The lecture explained how photosynthesis supports nearly all food chains on Earth."
Photosynthesis quietly powers much of the planet's atmosphere, supplying the oxygen that most living things breathe.
Reviewed by Deb Chak, Editor. AI-assisted content curated by RJS Tech Solutions LLP.
Where does photosynthesis come from?
Photosynthesis combines the combining form photo-, from Greek phōs meaning “light,” with synthesis, from Greek synthesis meaning “a putting together” or “combining.” The term was formed in the 19th century as the biological name for the process by which light-dependent formation of organic matter occurs. Its components connect it with other English words built on Greek roots for light, such as photon, photograph, and photometer.
Related word forms
How photosynthesis is actually used
The term is used mainly in biology and environmental science. In general discussion, it can also refer figuratively to the development or synthesis of ideas and resources, but this extended use is uncommon.
Easily confused with photosynthesis
Photosynthesis uses light energy to make sugars from carbon dioxide and water, whereas respiration breaks down sugars to release usable energy.