What does pilfer mean?
Pilfer means to steal property without permission. The word is relatively formal and often carries a faintly literary or old-fashioned tone, although it remains readily understandable. Its connotation frequently suggests opportunistic or petty theft, as when a person takes unattended money, tools, or other small valuables, but it can also apply to substantial theft or embezzlement. The verb is commonly transitive: a person pilfers something, and the object indicates what was taken. “Pilfer from” can also identify the source or place from which it was taken. Pilfer differs most clearly from “filter,” which concerns removing or allowing material, and from “pillage,” which more often suggests openly plundering a place, especially during warfare. Despite its comparatively genteel sound, the word is unequivocally used for taking property unlawfully.
verbTo steal or take property without the owner's permission. It often suggests taking small or portable items, though the term is not limited to minor theft.
- To steal or take property without the owner's permission.
- To take or appropriate something opportunistically, especially small or portable property.
"Someone pilfered several tools from the unlocked garage."
"The visitor pilfered an unattended wallet from the café."
"The report alleges that senior employees pilfered funds from the charity."
Pilfer makes theft sound almost genteel, but no choice of vocabulary changes the act.
Reviewed by Deb Chak, Editor. AI-assisted content curated by RJS Tech Solutions LLP.
Where does pilfer come from?
The word entered English during the Middle English period, developing from an Anglo-French or Old French form associated with taking goods unlawfully. The precise earlier origin of that French word is uncertain. English subsequently developed related forms including the noun “pilferage” and the agent noun “pilferer,” while “pelf” preserves an older word for possessions or booty.
Related word forms
How pilfer is actually used
The verb is relatively formal and literary in present-day English. It carries the connotation of theft and may suggest opportunistic or petty taking, although it can also describe larger losses.
Easily confused with pilfer
Pilfer means to steal property, whereas a filter removes unwanted material or allows only certain substances or information to pass through.
Pilfer commonly refers to theft, while pillage often means openly plundering a place or taking its resources, especially during conflict.