What does pleonasm mean?
A pleonasm is a word, phrase, or construction that repeats information unnecessarily. Familiar examples include “return back,” “advance planning,” and “free gift,” where one part of the expression conveys something already implied by another. Pleonasms may result from poor editing, unfamiliarity with idiomatic language, or deliberate attempts to make speech sound emphatic or ceremonious. Grammarians often distinguish between forms that are plainly redundant and those that are traditional or accepted in particular contexts. The word can therefore describe either an error or, in rhetoric, a purposeful device. Recognizing pleonasms is useful for writing clearly and concisely, although a construction that appears redundant in one context may function differently in another. In everyday criticism, the term is sometimes used loosely for any awkward or overlong expression, but its more precise meaning concerns unnecessary repetition of meaning.
nounAn instance of unnecessary or excessive repetition of meaning within a phrase or sentence. In grammar and rhetoric, the term may identify a redundant construction or a deliberate device used for emphasis.
- An instance of unnecessary repetition of meaning in words or phrases.
"The enthusiastic crowds were already loudly cheering is a pleonasm because the two expressions repeat the same idea."
"Please return the book to the library is often identified as a pleonasm because “return” already implies giving the book back."
"The writer's intentionally exaggerated description may function as a rhetorical pleonasm rather than an accidental error."
Plural forms are commonly used when referring to several redundant expressions or instances of redundancy.
"The guide lists several pleonasms that should be avoided in formal writing."
From a Greek root meaning “more,” pleonasm describes language that keeps piling on words after the meaning is already clear.
Reviewed by Deb Chak, Editor. AI-assisted content curated by RJS Tech Solutions LLP.
Where does pleonasm come from?
The word comes from Greek pleonasmos, a term for excess or redundancy derived from pleon, meaning “more.” It entered English through French pleonasme during the late 16th century. Its development preserved the original contrast between abundance and wasteful excess.
Related word forms
How pleonasm is actually used
In language analysis, the term usually denotes redundant wording, such as “return back” or “advance planning.” In rhetoric, it can also refer to deliberate repetition used for emphasis or amplification.
Easily confused with pleonasm
A pleonasm is an individual redundant expression, whereas pleonasy refers more generally to the habit or quality of using redundant language.