What does polymerization mean?
Polymerization is the process in which many small molecules, known as monomers, join together to form a much larger molecule, or polymer. It is the chemical basis of materials such as polyethylene, nylon, epoxy resins, and synthetic fibers, and it can be controlled through catalysts, temperature, pressure, and other reaction conditions. The word may also be used figuratively for the formation of a large connected system from many smaller components. In technical writing, polymerization usually names the overall reaction or process, while terms such as chain polymerization, step-growth polymerization, and free-radical polymerization identify particular mechanisms. Understanding the concept clarifies how familiar manufactured materials acquire their strength, flexibility, durability, and other distinctive properties.
nounThe chemical process by which small molecules called monomers combine to form a large molecule called a polymer. The term can also refer more generally to the formation of a connected group or network from many smaller units.
- The chemical process of combining monomers to form a polymer.
- The process of forming a large connected structure from many smaller units.
"The polymerization of the monomer produced a strong, lightweight plastic."
"Careful control of the polymerization process determines the properties of the resulting plastic."
"The polymerization of thousands of small units can create a material with remarkable strength."
The plural is uncommon; the singular is normally used for the general process or a particular reaction.
"The researchers compared several polymerizations carried out under different conditions."
Polymerization turns many small molecules into one vast molecular chain, making it central to plastics, fibers, coatings, and modern materials.
Reviewed by Deb Chak, Editor. AI-assisted content curated by RJS Tech Solutions LLP.
Where does polymerization come from?
Polymerization is formed from polymer, which was coined in the early 20th century from Greek roots meaning “many parts.” The suffix -ization was added to form an English noun naming the process of producing a polymer. Related terms include copolymer, polyamide, and polymerize, all reflecting the same chemical tradition and Greek combining elements.
Related word forms
How polymerization is actually used
In chemistry, polymerization usually refers to the formation of polymers from monomers. The spelling “polymerization” is standard in US English; “polymerisation” is standard in British English.
Easily confused with polymerization
Polymerization is the process of joining monomers, whereas a polymer is the resulting large molecule.