What does predisposition mean?
A predisposition is an existing inclination, tendency, or susceptibility to behave or experience something in a particular way. It can describe a personal characteristic, such as a leader's predisposition to compromise, or a medical susceptibility, such as a genetic predisposition to a disorder. The word usually suggests that something is more likely than not, while carefully avoiding the claim that the outcome is inevitable. This distinction is especially important in medicine: possessing a genetic or environmental predisposition may increase the likelihood of illness without determining that illness will occur. In ordinary discussion, the term is more formal than phrases such as “tendency” or “inclination,” and it often carries a slightly cautious or cautionary implication because it emphasizes conditions present before a choice or event.
nounA tendency or inclination to behave, think, or experience something in a particular way. In medical contexts, it can also mean an increased likelihood of developing a condition, especially when associated with genetic or environmental factors.
- A tendency or inclination to act, think, or feel in a particular way.
- An existing susceptibility to developing a disease, disorder, or other adverse condition.
- A general likelihood that a situation or outcome will occur.
"Research suggests a genetic predisposition to the disorder, although it does not guarantee that it will occur."
"There is a genetic predisposition to the disorder, although many people with the variant never develop it."
"Her predisposition to challenge authority made her an effective negotiator."
Countable when referring to separate tendencies or susceptibilities; commonly used in the pattern “a predisposition to or toward something.”
"The study compared the predispositions of patients who recovered quickly with those whose symptoms persisted."
In medicine, a predisposition is a loaded starting point, not a guaranteed outcome.
Reviewed by Deb Chak, Editor. AI-assisted content curated by RJS Tech Solutions LLP.
Where does predisposition come from?
The word entered English in the late Middle English period from Latin praedispositio, meaning a predisposition or previous arrangement. Its components were prae-, meaning “before,” and dispositio, an arrangement or disposition, related to disponere, “to arrange” or “distribute.” The development reflects the original sense of something being arranged or inclined in advance.
Related word forms
How predisposition is actually used
The term is neutral in general use but often has a medical or cautionary tone. It describes a tendency that exists before an action or outcome and generally does not imply certainty.
Easily confused with predisposition
A predisposition is a tendency or susceptibility, whereas a prejudice is an unfavorable opinion formed without adequate evidence.
A predisposition is an existing tendency toward something, while a disposition more broadly refers to a person's characteristic temperament or usual state of mind.