What does presumption mean?
A presumption is something taken to be true on the basis of probability, inference, or convention rather than firm proof. In ordinary discussion, the word often suggests an assumption that has not been adequately tested, and it can carry a slightly critical implication when the assumption is treated as certain. It can also refer more neutrally to a reasonable starting point, as in the presumption that a person is innocent until proven guilty. In law, a presumption is a fact or conclusion accepted as true unless disproved; it may be rebuttable or, less commonly, conclusive. The word is especially useful when discussing the difference between evidence and inference, because it highlights beliefs that shape decisions before they are conclusively established. Its legal sense also makes it valuable for understanding how courts and legal systems allocate the burden of proof.
An assumption or belief accepted without firm evidence, especially one treated as true for practical purposes.
"Their plan rests on the presumption that demand will remain stable."
Often implies that more evidence is needed before the assumption can be accepted.
Behavior that assumes authority, importance, or a favorable outcome without adequate justification.
"He had the presumption to arrange a meeting without consulting anyone else."
This sense is generally negative and can suggest arrogance.
In law, a fact or conclusion accepted as true unless disproved.
"The court applied the presumption of innocence to the evidence."
A legal presumption may be rebuttable or conclusive, depending on the legal system and the presumption in question.
The plural refers to multiple assumptions, instances of unwarranted behavior, or legal presumptions.
"The defense challenged several of the prosecution's presumptions."
A legal presumption can do powerful work: it may require the opposing side to prove a negative before a case moves forward.
Reviewed by Deb Chak, Editor. AI-assisted content curated by RJS Tech Solutions LLP.
Where does presumption come from?
The noun comes from Latin praesumptio, meaning an assumption or advance assumption, and is connected with the verb praesumere, “to take in advance” or “to presume.” English borrowed the word through Old French presumpcion during the Middle English period. It shares its root with presume, presumptive, and presumptuous, all of which reflect the idea of taking something for granted or acting as though it is established.
Related word forms
How presumption is actually used
In general use, the word often suggests an inference made without sufficient evidence and may imply unwarranted confidence. In legal contexts, it is a technical term for a fact or conclusion that is provisionally accepted and may sometimes place the burden of proof on the opposing party.
Easily confused with presumption
A presumption is an assumption or inference, whereas a prejudice is an unfavorable opinion formed without adequate evidence.
An assumption is often an act of accepting something as probable, while a presumption can also refer to a legally recognized inference or to an arrogant assumption of authority.