What does profane mean?
Profane is an adjective describing words, behavior, or attitudes that show disrespect for religious beliefs, sacred objects, or established solemnities. It can also mean merely indecent or offensive, as in “profane language,” although the word often suggests a direct challenge to something regarded as sacred rather than simple rudeness. The related verb “to profane” means to treat a sacred place, object, or belief with contempt. The word comes from Latin profanus, literally “outside the temple,” reflecting the idea of conduct that has crossed beyond the boundaries of religious reverence. In modern English, it is most often used in discussions of religion, art, literature, and public language, where it can signal both moral disapproval and an awareness of cultural or religious boundaries.
Showing disregard for sacred things or religious beliefs; irreverent, sacrilegious, or offensive in a vulgar or indecent sense.
"The novel was criticized for its profane treatment of religious imagery."
When describing language, “profane” usually means indecent or irreverent rather than merely vulgar in style.
To treat a sacred place, object, belief, or custom with contempt or irreverence.
"The protesters attempted to profane the memorial with graffiti."
This verb is less common in contemporary English than the adjective and is mainly used in formal or deliberately elevated contexts.
From the Latin profanus, meaning “outside the temple,” profane literally describes conduct that has wandered beyond the boundaries of the sacred.
Reviewed by Deb Chak, Editor. AI-assisted content curated by RJS Tech Solutions LLP.
Where does profane come from?
The English word comes from Latin profanus, formed from pro- (“before” or “outside”) and fanum (“temple”), originally referring to what was outside sacred space. Latin profanus developed the sense of unholy, irreverent, or vulgar, which passed into English through French and other European languages. Related English forms include “profanity,” “profanation,” and “profaneness.” The Latin root also underlies cognates such as the Italian profano and Spanish profano.
Related word forms
How profane is actually used
Profane is commonly used for attitudes or conduct toward religious subjects and for language regarded as indecent or insulting. It can sound more formal than “irreverent” or “vulgar,” and its use may be especially sensitive in discussions of religion.
Easily confused with profane
Profane describes irreverence, sacrilege, or vulgarity, whereas profound describes depth of meaning, seriousness, or insight.