What does psalm mean?
A psalm is a sacred poem, hymn, or song, most famously associated with the Book of Psalms in the Hebrew Bible. The term is used for works intended for religious worship, including texts of praise, lament, prayer, reflection, and instruction. In contemporary usage, “psalm” can also describe a solemn musical or poetic composition with a devotional character, whether performed in a church, concert hall, or other cultural setting. Its associations are primarily religious and literary, but the word can carry a broader sense of spiritual depth or solemn emotional expression. Referring to the biblical collection, writers usually say “the Psalms” and identify individual poems by chapter number, as in “Psalm 23.” In church music and religious discussion, “psalm” may describe both the words and a musical setting of them.
nounA sacred song or hymn, especially one of the sacred poems in the Hebrew Bible or the Book of Psalms. In literary and religious contexts, the word can also refer more broadly to a solemn song of praise, lament, or prayer.
- A sacred hymn or song, especially one of the religious poems in the Hebrew Bible.
- A solemn literary or musical composition expressing praise, lament, prayer, or devotion.
"The choir performed an ancient psalm during the service."
"They opened the service by singing a psalm of gratitude."
"The musician's setting of the psalm gave the ancient text a contemporary sound."
The standard plural is “psalms.” In references to the biblical book, “the Psalms” is conventionally capitalized.
"Many of the Psalms express trust in God amid hardship."
The word “psalm” points to poetry with a sacred voice: from the ancient Book of Psalms to hymns performed in churches and concert halls today.
Reviewed by Deb Chak, Editor. AI-assisted content curated by RJS Tech Solutions LLP.
Where does psalm come from?
The English word comes through Latin from Greek ψαλμός (psalmos), meaning a song or hymn, especially one accompanied by stringed instruments. Greek psalmody ultimately reflects a Hebrew tradition of sacred poetry, transmitted into Greek-speaking Jewish communities and later into Christian scripture and worship. The related English forms “psalmist,” “psaltery,” and “psalmody” reflect the same religious and musical tradition.
Related word forms
How psalm is actually used
In religious and literary contexts, “psalm” commonly refers specifically to a sacred poem or song. In modern artistic contexts, it may be used more broadly for solemn, spiritually expressive works.
Easily confused with psalm
A psalm is a sacred song or hymn, whereas a palm is a tree or the inner surface of the hand.