What does retard mean?
“Retard” has two sharply different uses. As a verb, it means to delay, hinder, or slow the progress of a process, development, or movement. In formal and technical writing, “retarded,” “retardation,” and “retardant” remain common in fields such as engineering, chemistry, and biology. As a noun, however, the word is an offensive and outdated label for a person regarded as having an intellectual disability. It should not be used to describe people; more precise, respectful language is preferable. The contrast matters because the verb can retain a technical role while the noun has become a recognized slur. The word comes through French from Latin, ultimately expressing the idea of being slow or late, but its modern history is also a significant example of how an apparently clinical term can become demeaning when applied to human beings.
An offensive, outdated term for a person considered to have an intellectual disability.
"The label “retard” is a slur and should never be used to describe a person."
Avoid this noun in all formal and informal use; use a respectful, specific description instead.
To delay or hinder progress, movement, development, or the completion of a process.
"Severe weather could retard the restoration work."
More common in technical or formal writing than in everyday speech.
The plural is grammatically regular, but the noun itself is an offensive slur and should be avoided.
"The discussion explained why the term “retard” is no longer considered acceptable."
What was once presented as a clinical label is now recognized as a demeaning slur, making its history a reminder that technical language is not automatically humane language.
Reviewed by Deb Chak, Editor. AI-assisted content curated by RJS Tech Solutions LLP.
Where does retard come from?
The word comes from French “retarder,” “to delay,” which was borrowed from Latin “retardare,” a form of “retardus,” meaning “slow” or “late.” English used the word during the period when people with intellectual disabilities were often given dismissive or stigmatizing labels. Its older noun use is now regarded as offensive, while related technical forms continue to be used in specialized contexts.
Related word forms
How retard is actually used
The noun use is offensive, especially when directed at or used to describe a person; prefer “person with an intellectual disability” or a more specific description where appropriate. The verb use is relatively uncommon and can sound dated or technical in ordinary writing.