What does selfish mean?
Selfish is an adjective describing someone who is excessively focused on their own interests, desires, or advantages, especially when this focus disregards the needs or rights of other people. The word commonly appears in moral criticism, as in 'a selfish decision,' but it can also be used more neutrally in discussions of psychology, motivation, and behavior. Its implications often extend beyond simple self-interest: a selfish choice may benefit the speaker while unfairly transferring costs or burdens to others. The related forms 'selfishly' and 'selfishness' express the manner and quality of the behavior. Although 'selfish' contrasts with 'selfless,' it differs from merely 'independent' or 'ambitious,' since it specifically suggests an excessive or morally objectionable preference for oneself. It is a familiar and readily understood word in formal and informal English alike.
adjectiveHaving or showing excessive concern for one's own interests and needs, often at the expense of others. A selfish person prioritizes personal benefit over fairness, generosity, or the well-being of other people.
- Having or showing excessive concern for one's own interests and needs, often without regard for others.
"It was selfish of him to leave the others to do all the work."
"The advertisement appeals to consumers' selfish desire to feel superior to others."
"Making that choice would be selfish because it would impose the cost on your friends."
Calling someone selfish identifies not merely an action but a suspected priority: their own advantage placed ahead of everyone else's.
Reviewed by Deb Chak, Editor. AI-assisted content curated by RJS Tech Solutions LLP.
Where does selfish come from?
The adjective 'selfish' was formed in the 16th century from 'self' and the suffix '-ish,' originally in the sense of 'selfish, personal, or one's own.' The suffix also creates related forms such as 'selfless' and 'selfishness.' Its development reflects a longstanding English distinction between conduct directed toward oneself and conduct that places other people first.
Related word forms
How selfish is actually used
Generally negative and disapproving. It can describe an action, motive, or person, and is often stronger and more explicitly judgmental than the milder term 'self-centered.'
Easily confused with selfish
Selfish describes behavior motivated by personal benefit, whereas selfless describes behavior that puts others' needs or interests first.