What does stiff mean?
“Stiff” describes something that resists bending or movement and, by extension, a person, manner, or situation that feels formal, tense, difficult, or unyielding. A person may feel stiff after exercise or a long journey, with the adjective referring to aching muscles and restricted movement. “A stiff neck” is a common medical expression, while “stiff competition” and “stiff opposition” describe conditions that are tough or resistant. “Stiff” can also refer to a strong breeze or a severe penalty. In phrases such as “a stiff upper lip,” it suggests controlled emotion and an appearance of endurance. The word is useful because it connects physical rigidity with emotional and social reserve, while its figurative uses remain firmly grounded in the idea of something that does not bend easily.
Rigid or firm; not easily bent or moved. Figuratively, formal, severe, resistant, or difficult to deal with.
"The old gate opened with a stiff creak."
Its figurative uses commonly suggest a lack of flexibility, ease, or friendliness.
In a rigid or stiff manner; with limited movement or ease.
"He stood stiffly by the doorway, refusing to sit down."
The adverb is formed by adding -ly to the adjective and is especially used for movement, posture, and manner.
Informally, a dead person.
"The old song was said to have been written for the stiff."
This sense is informal and often sounds blunt or insensitive.
The phrase “stiff upper lip” has long described a reserved attitude that hides difficult feelings behind apparent control.
Reviewed by Deb Chak, Editor. AI-assisted content curated by RJS Tech Solutions LLP.
Where does stiff come from?
The modern English word developed from Middle English stif, meaning rigid or difficult to bend, which continued an Old English adjective with related Germanic meanings. Its sense of being physically rigid underlies the figurative uses for formal behavior, severe conditions, and resistance. The related forms stiffen, stiffly, and stiffness preserve the same basic idea of becoming or being rigid.
Related word forms
How stiff is actually used
The word is common in both British and American English. “Stiff” can describe a physical condition, a manner or atmosphere, or something demanding or severe; in all of these senses it suggests limited movement, flexibility, or ease. The informal expression “stiff upper lip” means maintaining self-control despite difficulty or pain.