What does theology mean?
Theology is the systematic study of religion, particularly beliefs about God, the relationship between divinity and humanity, and the doctrines held by religious communities. In Christian settings, it commonly refers to the organized examination of biblical teaching, doctrine, ethics, and church history. The word can also designate a particular school of religious thought, as in a discussion of how different theologies interpret suffering, creation, or moral responsibility. Its academic associations make it a more formal and specific term than “religious studies,” which is generally broader and may include the study of nonreligious traditions and social phenomena. Theology can be approached through history, philosophy, scripture, ethics, and the social sciences. Understanding the term is useful in discussions of religion because it distinguishes careful study and articulation of religious ideas from casual speculation or ordinary expressions of personal faith.
nounThe study of religion, especially the systematic examination of religious beliefs, doctrines, and principles. It can also refer to a particular body or school of religious thought.
- The systematic study of religion and religious beliefs, doctrines, and principles.
- A particular body or system of religious beliefs, especially within an organized tradition.
- The study of the nature of God and the relationship between God, humanity, and the world.
"Her lectures in theology explore the relationship between faith, reason, and social justice."
"The course introduces students to the history and methods of theology."
"Different theological traditions offer competing explanations of suffering and moral obligation."
Used when referring to different systems or approaches of religious thought.
"The university has long encouraged dialogue among competing theologies."
Theology combines the Greek words for “god” and “word,” turning a question about the divine into a disciplined field of study.
Reviewed by Deb Chak, Editor. AI-assisted content curated by RJS Tech Solutions LLP.
Where does theology come from?
The English word theology comes from the Greek theologia, formed from theos, “god,” and logos, “word,” “study,” or “account.” It entered English in the late 16th century through scholarly and theological writing. Its development reflects the long Western practice of examining religious doctrines in an ordered, systematic way. Related English words include theologian, theological, theism, monotheism, polytheism, and atheism, all of which share the Greek root theos.
Related word forms
How theology is actually used
The term is most common in academic, ecclesial, and philosophical contexts. It may be used broadly for the study of religion or more narrowly for Christian doctrine, depending on the surrounding discussion.
Easily confused with theology
Theology studies religious belief and doctrine, whereas teleology studies the apparent purpose or design underlying natural processes and organisms.