What does treason mean?
Treason is a formal and consequential word for betrayal of allegiance to a sovereign, government, or other institution entrusted with one's loyalty. In law, its precise meaning depends on the jurisdiction, but it generally requires serious conduct rather than mere disagreement, criticism, or disloyal opinion. The word can also be used figuratively for a betrayal so serious that it is treated as comparable to a violation of civic loyalty, as when someone betrays an institution, a colleague, or a moral commitment. Because it carries criminal, moral, and political weight, treason is usually reserved for serious accusations and is markedly more solemn than ordinary words such as betrayal or disloyalty. Its legal associations also distinguish it from sedition: sedition concerns conduct or speech that may stir up discontent or rebellion, whereas treason centers on breach of allegiance and often requires an overt act. Used carefully, the word conveys not simply opposition but a profound breach of trust and duty.
nounTreason is betrayal of allegiance to a sovereign or state, especially an act that is legally punishable as treason. In broader use, it refers to exceptionally serious betrayal of a person, organization, or principle.
- Betrayal of allegiance to a sovereign or state, especially conduct constituting a serious criminal offense.
- Figuratively, betrayal of a person, organization, or deeply held principle that is regarded as comparably grave.
"The commander was accused of treason after secretly supplying information to the enemy."
"Under the statute, communicating with enemy forces could constitute treason."
"Selling confidential information to a competitor was described as an act of treason against the company."
The plural is grammatically possible but uncommon. It is generally used to refer to distinct instances of betrayal rather than to the offense in general.
"The court record reveals several treasons within the ministry."
In 1586, Mary, Queen of Scots was convicted of treason for plotting to assassinate Elizabeth I.
Reviewed by Deb Chak, Editor. AI-assisted content curated by RJS Tech Solutions LLP.
Where does treason come from?
Treason entered Middle English through Anglo-French traison, borrowed from Old French traison, meaning betrayal or surrender. The word ultimately derives from Latin tradere, “to hand over, deliver,” and its sense developed from surrendering or delivering a person or position to another power into betrayal of allegiance. Related words include traitor, from Latin traditor, and tradition, from Latin traditio, “a handing over.”
Related word forms
How treason is actually used
Treason is a formal, grave term used especially in legal, political, and historical contexts. Its precise legal definition varies by jurisdiction. Figurative uses can sound emphatic or hyperbolic, so the word is generally reserved for betrayals perceived as profoundly serious.
Easily confused with treason
Treason is primarily a breach of allegiance to a sovereign or state, whereas sedition is conduct or speech intended to stir up disaffection, unrest, or rebellion.