What does ultimatum mean?
An ultimatum is a final demand presented with the expectation that it must be accepted or complied with. It carries an explicit or implied threat of serious consequences, such as legal action, military retaliation, economic sanctions, or the breakdown of negotiations. The term is especially common in diplomacy, labor disputes, legal conflicts, and other high-stakes confrontations, although it can also describe a forceful personal demand. Using “ultimate” in the phrase “an ultimatum” emphasizes that no further negotiation or concession is intended. In everyday conversation, the word may be used more loosely for a particularly firm request, but its conventional meaning involves a clear final position and potential consequences. The expression is derived from a Latin word meaning “the last thing,” reflecting the idea of a demand presented as the final opportunity for agreement or action.
nounA final and absolute demand or set of terms presented by one party, with the explicit or implicit threat that failure to comply will have serious consequences.
- A final demand or proposal that must be accepted or acted upon, with serious consequences otherwise following.
"After weeks of negotiations, the government issued an ultimatum demanding an immediate end to the dispute."
"The company issued an ultimatum to its striking workers, threatening to replace them if they did not return."
"Her ultimatum was simple: apologize publicly or face a formal complaint."
The plural ultimata is also attested, especially in legal and diplomatic writing, but ultimatums is the standard modern form.
"Both governments issued ultimatums before the negotiations were suspended."
A single ultimatum turns a negotiation into a deadline.
Reviewed by Deb Chak, Editor. AI-assisted content curated by RJS Tech Solutions LLP.
Where does ultimatum come from?
The word entered English in the early 17th century from Latin ultimatum, meaning “the last thing” or “the final point.” It initially referred to a final statement or proposal and later developed its modern sense of a final demand carrying an implied threat. English words such as ultimate and ultimately share the Latin root ultimus, meaning “last” or “final.”
Related word forms
How ultimatum is actually used
The word is formal and commonly adversarial. It suggests firmness, authority, and the possibility of a serious consequence if the demand is rejected.
Easily confused with ultimatum
An ultimatum is a demand that must be met, whereas an ultimate is something that is final or of greatest importance.