What does vertex mean?
A vertex is a point where two or more lines, edges, or surfaces meet. In geometry, the vertices of a polygon are its corners; in three-dimensional geometry, the term also applies to the points where the edges of a solid meet. In graph theory and computing, a vertex is a node representing a connection point, while meshes use vertices to mark positions from which faces are formed. More broadly, the word can mean the highest point or apex of something, though this use is less common and often formal or literary. The word is especially associated with technical and mathematical English, where it denotes a precisely defined point in a structure rather than merely a vague location. Its Latin ancestry, meaning 'highest point' and related to turning, also connects it to words such as vertical and vertigo. Knowing the standard plural 'vertices' is essential when reading geometry, computing, and technical writing.
A point where two or more lines, edges, or surfaces meet, especially a corner of a polygon or polyhedron; also, in graph theory, a node in a graph.
"The vertices of the triangle are labeled A, B, and C."
The standard plural is 'vertices.' The alternative 'vertexes' is accepted but is less common, especially in mathematical and technical writing.
To form or constitute the vertex of something.
"The two adjoining planes are vertexed at their common point."
This verb is rare and chiefly occurs in formal, mathematical, or older literary writing.
The standard plural is 'vertices'; 'vertexes' is also accepted but is less usual in mathematics and technical writing.
"Two adjacent vertices are connected by an edge."
A polygon's vertex is where two sides meet—and in its oldest Latin sense, a vertex was a 'highest point.'
Reviewed by Deb Chak, Editor. AI-assisted content curated by RJS Tech Solutions LLP.
Where does vertex come from?
English borrowed the noun from Latin vertex (genitive verticis), meaning 'highest point' or 'top' and used geometrically for a point where lines meet. Latin vertex is related to vertere, 'to turn,' and belongs to the same root found in cognates such as vertical, vertigo, versatile, and convert.
Related word forms
How vertex is actually used
The word is most common in technical, mathematical, and scientific English. In graph theory, 'vertex' and 'node' are often interchangeable, although 'node' can also refer to a device or a complete data object. The verb form is archaic and uncommon in modern usage.
Easily confused with vertex
A vertex is a geometrical or structural meeting point, whereas a vortex is a rotating mass of air, water, or another substance.
A vertex may be any point where edges meet, while an apex specifically denotes the highest point.