What does numeral mean?
A numeral is a written or spoken sign used to represent a number. The term applies to individual symbols, such as 0, 1, and 7, to written forms such as “three,” and sometimes to ordered forms such as “first” or “second.” In discussions of mathematics, history, and writing systems, “numeral” is especially useful for distinguishing the symbols people use from the quantities those symbols represent. Thus, Arabic and Roman numerals are different systems of notation, not different kinds of numerical quantity. The adjective “numeral” occurs in specialized or formal language and means relating to numbers or numerical notation. Although everyday speakers often use “number” for both the quantity and its written form, “numeral” provides a more precise distinction and is especially common in technical, historical, and typographical contexts.
A word, digit, symbol, or group of symbols used to represent a number.
"The inscription contains numerals carved into the stone."
The term is particularly common in discussions of writing systems, mathematics, and historical records.
Relating to numbers or to the symbols and words used to represent numbers.
"The numerals appear in an ancient form of the script."
This use is more specialized and less common in everyday speech than the noun.
Use “numerals” when referring to more than one numerical symbol or numerical form.
"The clock face displays Roman numerals."
From ancient counting marks to Arabic digits, numeral systems have made the abstract idea of quantity visible and usable.
Reviewed by Deb Chak, Editor. AI-assisted content curated by RJS Tech Solutions LLP.
Where does numeral come from?
Numeral derives from Latin numeralis, meaning “of or relating to numbers,” which was formed from numerus, “number.” The same Latin root underlies English words such as number, numerous, enumerate, and enumeration. Through French and English, the Latin family developed into the modern form used for symbols and words representing numerical values.
Related word forms
How numeral is actually used
In general use, “numeral” most often refers to a symbol such as 0, 1, or 7, or to a numeral system such as Roman numerals. “Number” is broader and can refer to an abstract mathematical quantity, a written representation, or a countable object. The adjective use is less common in everyday speech.
Easily confused with numeral
A number is the mathematical quantity or value itself, whereas a numeral is the written or spoken symbol used to represent it.