What does presume mean?
Presume means to form and express an assumption about what is probably true, often using available evidence or general likelihood. In everyday conversation, a person might say, “I presume you have met her,” meaning that this is the likely situation. The verb can also mean to take something for granted, as in “We cannot presume that the existing arrangement will continue,” and that usage often suggests an assumption has been made without adequate justification. In more formal or legal language, “presume” may mean to accept something as true unless disproved, as in the principle of presuming a person innocent. A related use, especially in formal writing, is to mean to dare or expect to do something: “I would not presume to interfere.” Its Latin roots connect it to ideas of taking something before it is fully established, giving the word a sense of proceeding on an assumption.
To suppose or assume something to be the case, or to take it for granted.
"We presume that the changes will benefit most households."
This is the dominant modern sense. It is often used when making a reasonable assumption from limited information.
To expect or dare to do something, especially in a context where the action may exceed one’s proper role.
"She would not presume to speak for the entire group."
This use is formal and commonly appears after “not presume to,” expressing caution about overstepping.
The legal maxim “presume innocence” has made this ordinary verb one of the foundations of criminal justice.
Reviewed by Deb Chak, Editor. AI-assisted content curated by RJS Tech Solutions LLP.
Where does presume come from?
The word comes from Latin praesumere, formed from prae- meaning “before” and sumere meaning “to take.” Its earliest English sense was to take or claim something in advance, including taking for granted or making an assumption. The verb later developed the modern meaning of supposing something to be true, while retaining related senses involving expectation and taking a liberty.
Related word forms
How presume is actually used
In its first sense, presume is slightly more formal than guess but less formal than demonstrate. In the second sense, it often carries a connotation of unwarranted confidence or taking a liberty, especially in expressions such as “presume to know.” In legal contexts, “presume” can mean to accept as true until contrary evidence is provided.
Easily confused with presume
To preempt something is to act before someone else does; to presume something is to assume it or take it for granted.
To resent something is to feel displeasure or anger about it, whereas to presume something is to assume it or expect it without firm evidence.