What does pump mean?
“Pump” describes both a device that moves liquid or gas and the action of moving it through a pipe, hose, or similar mechanism. As a verb, it can also refer to repeated physical effort, such as pumping a bicycle, moving one's arms energetically, or providing resources or information. In informal British usage, “pump” may additionally mean to cry, particularly in the phrase “pump for tears.” The word is especially associated with water pumps, fuel pumps, swimming-pool pumps, and the pumping action of engines. Its central idea is sustained mechanical effort used to move, force, or supply something. This makes it useful whenever a description needs to convey powered movement, repeated exertion, or the provision of resources. Although the senses differ, they commonly share an image of force applied repeatedly to keep a substance or action in motion.
To move a liquid or gas, or another substance, by means of a pump or repeated pressure; to work a pump or similar mechanism repeatedly.
"They pumped seawater into the tank to keep the pipes clear."
In informal British English, the verb can also mean to cry, especially in the expression “pump for tears.”
To move one's body vigorously, especially the arms, or to propel or supply something with repeated effort.
"The crowd pumped their fists in celebration."
The figurative senses, such as supplying money or information, are common in informal and journalistic usage.
A machine or device that draws, raises, or forces a liquid or gas, especially one used to move water, fuel, or air.
"The pump began making a loud rattling sound."
A large container with a handle and spout, used to hold and dispense a liquid such as petrol or water.
"The car stopped at the petrol pump."
The plural is used for multiple pumping devices or containers.
"The engineers replaced two faulty pumps."
From a garden water pump to the muscle movement of running: “pump” captures the idea of repeated force that keeps something moving.
Reviewed by Deb Chak, Editor. AI-assisted content curated by RJS Tech Solutions LLP.
Where does pump come from?
The English word “pump” entered Middle English in the late Middle Ages, probably through Dutch, and is generally understood to imitate the movement or sound associated with pumping. The mechanical sense developed from earlier use for devices that raise or move water and other liquids. The verb's broader meanings—working a pump, moving vigorously, or supplying resources—developed by analogy from the physical action of operating such a device.
Related word forms
How pump is actually used
The verb is common in both formal and informal contexts. In informal British English, “pump” can also mean to cry, especially in the expression “pump for tears”; this usage is less common in American English.
Easily confused with pump
A pump moves or draws liquid, gas, or another substance through a mechanism, whereas a punch is primarily a blow delivered with a clenched fist or a tool.