What does ratchet mean?
A ratchet is a mechanism that uses a hinged pawl against a toothed wheel so that motion can proceed in only one direction, or so that a load can be tightened in small, controlled steps. The word also names a tool, such as a ratchet wrench, containing this mechanism. As a verb, “ratchet” refers to a gradual increase in intensity, effort, cost, or progress, and is especially common in the expression “ratchet up.” This use often carries a nuanced implication that the increase happens in successive stages and may be difficult to reverse. The mechanical meaning is central, while the verbal meaning is informal but widely understood. Together, the senses associate the word with controlled, incremental movement and steady, sometimes relentless, escalation.
A mechanical device with a hinged pawl and a toothed wheel that permits movement in one direction or permits a mechanism to be tightened in increments.
"The ratchet on the lift keeps the platform from descending."
The word is also used for a tool incorporating this mechanism, especially a ratchet wrench.
To increase or intensify gradually, especially through a series of limited or difficult-to-reverse steps.
"The company ratcheted up its safety standards after the incident."
This is an informal usage, often used with “up.”
The plural is used for the mechanical devices or tools, and occasionally for separate instances of a ratchet-like mechanism.
"The technician laid out several ratchets and socket sets."
A ratchet lets a machine move in one carefully controlled direction—and the word “ratchet up” describes progress that advances in small, hard-to-reverse steps.
Reviewed by Deb Chak, Editor. AI-assisted content curated by RJS Tech Solutions LLP.
Where does ratchet come from?
The word entered English in the 17th century from French “ratchet,” a borrowing of German “Ratsche,” a term associated with a toothed mechanism and the sound it makes. The mechanical meaning developed directly from the device and its characteristic clicking action. The later figurative and informal verb sense, meaning to increase gradually, is an extension based on the idea of advancing in small, controlled steps.
Related word forms
How ratchet is actually used
The verb “ratchet up” is informal and commonly implies gradual but persistent increase, sometimes with the implication that the increase is difficult to reverse or excessively incremental. The mechanical senses are formal and technical.