What does relative mean?
Relative means connected with, dependent on, or understood in relation to something else. It is especially useful when a statement is true only under particular circumstances or when comparing one thing with another. For example, a performance may be described as strong relative to the competition, even if it is not outstanding by absolute standards. The word can also refer to a family member, as in “a close relative,” though in this sense it is often somewhat formal. In general use, relative suggests perspective and conditionality rather than finality. This distinction is important in discussions of rights, values, evidence, and evaluation: what matters absolutely may differ from what matters most in a particular setting. The related noun relativity likewise refers to the way facts, values, or descriptions depend on their frame of reference.
Existing or considered in relation to something else; connected with or dependent on a particular comparison or context.
"The benefits are relative to the time and effort required."
Commonly used with the preposition to, meaning “in comparison with.”
A family member or someone related to another person by blood, marriage, or close personal connection.
"Many of her relatives joined the celebration."
More formal than the everyday word kin; sometimes used specifically for a close family member.
The plural is commonly used when referring to family members collectively.
"We invited several relatives to the wedding."
The word relative comes from the same root as relate, relation, and ratio: all describe the idea of one thing being understood through its connection to another.
Reviewed by Deb Chak, Editor. AI-assisted content curated by RJS Tech Solutions LLP.
Where does relative come from?
The adjective and noun derive from Latin relativus, meaning “related” or “having a relation,” which was formed from the root of referre, “to refer back.” English borrowed the term through French in the 16th and 17th centuries. Its relatives include relate, relation, ratio, and relativity, all of which reflect the same underlying idea of connection, comparison, or reference.
Related word forms
How relative is actually used
The adjective often implies that a comparison, standard, or context has been specified: something is relative to something else. As a noun, relative is commonly used for a family member and is often more formal than kin or relation in general usage.
Easily confused with relative
A relative fact depends on a particular comparison or context, whereas an absolute fact is intended to hold independently of such circumstances.