What does relativity mean?
Relativity is the idea that descriptions, measurements, or judgments depend on a frame of reference rather than existing in isolation. In ordinary discussion, it can refer to the way an opinion changes with perspective, culture, or circumstances. In physics, however, “relativity” has a precise meaning: Einstein’s special theory of relativity explains how space and time behave for observers in motion, while general relativity describes gravitation as the curvature of spacetime. The word is especially important because it shows how apparently absolute ideas—such as simultaneous events or the separate passage of time—can differ depending on the observer. It is also a useful reminder in philosophy and ethics that descriptions and values often require their context to be understood fully.
nounThe quality of being relative or dependent on a particular frame of reference, point of view, or set of conditions. In physics, the term refers especially to Einstein’s theories describing space, time, and gravitation in relation to the observer and motion.
- The state of being relative or dependent on a frame of reference, point of view, or set of conditions.
- The principle, especially in physics, that measurements of space, time, and motion depend on the observer’s frame of reference.
- A theory or doctrine concerning the relative nature of space, time, and gravitation, especially Einstein’s general and special theories of relativity.
"Einstein’s theory of relativity transformed our understanding of space, time, and gravity."
"For the relativity of simultaneity, observers moving at different speeds can disagree about which of two separated events occurs first."
"The discussion of moral standards in the novel is concerned with the relativity of cultural values."
Usually used in the plural in the contrast between the “special” and “general” relativities.
"Einstein developed the special and general relativities in stages."
Relativity says there is no absolute view of space and time—and that a single flash of light helped rewrite the rules of the universe.
Reviewed by Deb Chak, Editor. AI-assisted content curated by RJS Tech Solutions LLP.
Where does relativity come from?
“Relativity” was formed in English from “relative,” using the Latin-derived suffix “-ity.” Its deeper roots lie in Latin “relativus,” meaning related or having reference, which is based on “referre,” to bring back or refer. The same Latin family includes “refer,” “relation,” “relative,” and “ratio,” all of which express ideas of bringing something back, connecting, or establishing a relationship.
Related word forms
How relativity is actually used
In general use, “relativity” can suggest that a judgment or observation is dependent on its context. In physics, it normally refers to the established theories of relativity and is not interchangeable with the broader philosophical term “relativism.”
Easily confused with relativity
Relativity is the general principle that values or phenomena depend on a frame of reference, whereas relativism is a philosophical position holding that truth, morality, or standards vary across cultures, individuals, or contexts.