What does symmetric mean?
Symmetric describes something whose parts are arranged in a balanced, corresponding way, often around a central line, point, or axis. A symmetric design may look unchanged if one side were reflected across the center, while a symmetric pattern repeats in a regular and balanced fashion. The word is also important in mathematics, where a symmetric relation or object remains the same after a particular transformation, such as exchanging variables or reflecting a figure. In everyday use, symmetric generally conveys order, balance, and harmony, though it can also suggest excessive neatness or a lack of variation. The related noun symmetry names the quality itself, and symmetrical is a widely used adjective synonym. Together, these forms are useful for describing visual balance as well as the structural balance found in geometry, algebra, chemistry, and other technical disciplines.
adjectiveHaving or displaying symmetry; arranged so that corresponding parts are equal or balanced around a central line, point, or axis. In mathematics, describing an object or relation that remains unchanged under a specified transformation.
- Having parts that correspond in size, shape, position, or arrangement around a central line, point, or axis.
- In mathematics, remaining unchanged when subjected to a specified transformation, such as reflection, rotation, or exchange of elements.
"The design is symmetric, with matching windows on either side of the entrance."
"The building has a symmetric façade, with identical towers on both sides."
"The relation is symmetric because exchanging the two variables does not change the equation."
Symmetric means the same on both sides of a center—literally, the shape looks as though it were folded along its axis.
Reviewed by Deb Chak, Editor. AI-assisted content curated by RJS Tech Solutions LLP.
Where does symmetric come from?
Symmetric comes from Greek symmetrikos, meaning “symmetrical” or “having equal measures,” and ultimately from syn- meaning “together” and metron meaning “measure.” The word entered English through Latin and French usage in the seventeenth century. Its relatives symmetry and symmetrical preserve the same underlying idea of parts being measured or arranged in correspondence.
Related word forms
How symmetric is actually used
In general use, symmetric usually suggests balance and correspondence. In mathematics and related technical fields, it describes an invariant relationship or structure; symmetric difference is a specific set-theory term and is not the same as ordinary visual symmetry.
Easily confused with symmetric
Symmetric is an adjective describing something that has balanced or corresponding parts, whereas symmetry is the noun naming the quality or arrangement itself.
Symmetric and symmetrical are closely related adjectives; symmetrical is often used for an arrangement that visibly follows a balanced pattern, while symmetric is also common in mathematical and technical contexts.