What does symmetry mean?
Symmetry describes a balanced arrangement in which corresponding elements relate proportionately to one another or mirror each other around a central line, point, or axis. It is common in discussions of architecture, art, mathematics, biology, and natural objects: a building may have bilateral symmetry, while a flower may display radial symmetry. The word can also refer more broadly to an elegant correspondence among parts, as in the symmetry of an argument or the symmetry of a musical phrase. Symmetry is not simply sameness; it depends on the relationship between different elements and their positions. In everyday use, the term often carries positive associations of harmony, order, beauty, and balance, although mathematical symmetry can also involve complex and highly abstract patterns.
nounSymmetry is the quality of being balanced and proportionate, especially in the arrangement of corresponding parts on either side of a central line or point. It can describe mathematical structures, visual design, natural forms, and the organization or balance of ideas.
- The arrangement of corresponding parts around a central axis or point.
- The balanced or proportionate relationship between elements in a design, structure, argument, or system.
"The architect restored the symmetry of the building's carefully proportioned façade."
"The snowflake's sixfold symmetry gives it an exact, repeating geometric structure."
"The speaker criticized the policy not on its merits but on the symmetry between its stated aims and its actual effects."
Used when referring to different kinds or instances of symmetry.
"The two designs display contrasting types of symmetries."
A butterfly's wings show bilateral symmetry: fold one over the other and their outlines align.
Reviewed by Deb Chak, Editor. AI-assisted content curated by RJS Tech Solutions LLP.
Etymology of symmetry
The word comes through Latin symmetria from Greek symmētria, a term associated with proportion and measured correspondence. Its roots combine Greek syn- meaning “together” and metron meaning “measure.” The Latin form entered English in the 16th century, initially in mathematical and architectural contexts, and later developed broader associations with proportion and balance.
Related word forms
How symmetry is actually used
In general use, symmetry often suggests harmony, order, and proportion, though it can also describe an intentionally mirrored or mathematically regular arrangement. In visual art and design, it may be understood more narrowly as bilateral or radial balance.
Easily confused with symmetry
Symmetry is the noun naming the quality or arrangement, while symmetrical is the adjective describing something that has this quality.