What does tarnish mean?
Tarnish is both a verb and a noun with literal and figurative meanings. Literally, it refers to the dulling or discoloration of a metal surface, especially silver, through chemical change; a tarnish is the coating or discoloration that results. Figuratively, to tarnish something such as a reputation, image, or achievement is to damage its brilliance, credibility, or appeal. This figurative use is especially common in journalism, formal discussion, and criticism: an accusation or scandal may tarnish a public figure's reputation or a company's image. The word can also denote figurative damage itself, as in a statement that leaves a tarnish on someone's standing. Tarnish is useful because it vividly suggests a loss of shine or value that may be difficult to repair, while remaining broader than merely saying that something has become dirty or discolored.
To make metal less bright or reflective by altering or coating its surface; figuratively, to damage the reputation, value, or attractiveness of someone or something.
"Constant exposure to salt water may tarnish the stainless steel fittings."
The figurative sense is particularly frequent in formal reporting and discussion of reputation, credibility, and public image.
A dull, discolored coating on a metal surface; figuratively, damage to someone's reputation or to the value or appeal of something.
"Polish the silver until there is no trace of tarnish."
The noun may be countable when referring to a figurative blemish, as in “a lasting tarnish on his reputation,” but the literal coating is also commonly treated as uncountable.
The plural is used for separate instances of figurative damage or blemish; the literal coating on metal is often treated as uncountable.
"Several scandals left distinct tarnishes on the company's reputation."
Tarnish can make metal look dull—and, figuratively, make a reputation look less trustworthy.
Reviewed by Deb Chak, Editor. AI-assisted content curated by RJS Tech Solutions LLP.
Where does tarnish come from?
The word entered Middle English as “ternishen,” borrowed from Anglo-French and Old French “ternir,” meaning to dull, dim, or spoil. The ultimate origin of that French word is uncertain, so connecting it to a specific Latin or Germanic root would be speculative. In English, it developed into both a verb meaning to dull or discredit and a noun meaning a discolored film or figurative loss of value.
Related word forms
How tarnish is actually used
The figurative use is more common in formal writing and discussion than in everyday conversation. It often implies lasting damage to reputation, credibility, or value rather than a minor setback.