What does backwards mean?
Backwards is a versatile English word whose core meaning is directional: it denotes movement, orientation, or attention directed toward the rear rather than forward, as when a car rolls backwards down a hill or someone glances backwards over their shoulder. It equally expresses reversed order — people count backwards, spell names backwards, or play music backwards — making it central to describing anything that runs contrary to its usual sequence. The word functions chiefly as an adverb, though American English also uses it as an adjective, and it appears in established idioms such as 'bend over backwards', meaning to make an exceptional effort on someone's behalf. Regional variation is notable: British speakers favor 'backwards' while Americans frequently use 'backward'. Historically, applying the word to people or societies as 'less developed' was common but is now regarded as dated and insensitive, so modern writers reserve it mainly for literal direction and sequence.
In the direction of the rear, or in reverse of the normal order.
"She counted backwards from ten before opening her eyes."
(Primarily US) Slow to develop or progress; underdeveloped.
"The region was described as economically backwards at the time."
This sense is now widely considered dated or offensive when applied to people; use neutral alternatives.
The phrase 'bend over backwards' literally describes arching your body backwards — which is why it means making an extraordinary effort.
Reviewed by Deb Chak, Editor. AI-assisted content curated by RJS Tech Solutions LLP.
Where does backwards come from?
'Backwards' derives from the Old English word 'bæc' (the back), combined with the adverbial ending '-wards', which marks direction. It developed through Middle English as part of a productive family of directional terms such as 'forwards' and 'homewards'. Its closest relatives include the adjective 'backward' and the noun/adverb 'aback', all rooted in the same Old English source.
Related word forms
How backwards is actually used
British English strongly prefers 'backwards' while American English often uses 'backward' for direction ('leaned backwards' vs 'leaned backward'). As an adjective applied to people or regions, 'backwards'/'backward' is now widely considered dated and potentially offensive; prefer neutral phrasing such as 'underdeveloped' where appropriate.
Easily confused with backwards
'Backward' is primarily the adjective form (a backward glance; a backward country), while 'backwards' is chiefly the adverb of direction, though American English uses 'backwards' as both.