What does scalar mean?
A scalar is a quantity or value that expresses magnitude without indicating direction. Common examples include temperature, mass, time, and speed, although speed differs from velocity because it lacks directional information. In mathematics and physics, scalar quantities are distinguished from vectors, which have both size and direction. The adjective scalar is also used for mathematical operations and values, as in scalar multiplication, scalar product, and scalar field. In computing, a scalar holds one numerical value rather than a collection of values or an ordered set of coordinates. The word is most common in technical and scientific writing, where it helps distinguish simple quantitative measurements from directional or multidimensional quantities. Its contrast with vector is central to understanding its use.
Denoting a quantity or value that has magnitude but no direction; relating to such quantities or operations.
"The model uses a scalar parameter to represent the overall growth rate."
Technical term, especially common in mathematics, physics, and computing.
A quantity or value that has magnitude but no direction, such as a mass, temperature, or numerical reading.
"The sensor returned a scalar that was then stored in the database."
Usually used in technical contexts and often discussed in contrast with a vector.
The plural is used when referring to multiple scalar quantities or values.
"The algorithm combines several scalars to calculate the final result."
Scalars measure how much, while vectors measure how much and in which direction.
Reviewed by Deb Chak, Editor. AI-assisted content curated by RJS Tech Solutions LLP.
Where does scalar come from?
The word scalar comes through English from Latin scalar, meaning resembling a ladder or pertaining to a scale. Latin scalar is related to scala, meaning ladder or scale, from which English scale also derives. The mathematical sense developed through the idea of a quantity represented on a scale, as opposed to a quantity with direction.
Related word forms
How scalar is actually used
The term is primarily used in mathematics, physics, and computing. In general contexts, scalar is formal and technical rather than conversational.
Easily confused with scalar
A scalar has magnitude only, whereas a vector has both magnitude and direction.