What does symbolism mean?
Symbolism is the use of symbols—objects, images, gestures, colors, actions, or other signs—to represent ideas, emotions, qualities, or broader concepts. It may refer to a general practice, as in the symbolic traditions of a culture, or to the specific meanings suggested by a work of art, a religious practice, or a political action. For example, a white dove can symbolize peace, while a recurring image in a novel may suggest isolation or hope. In everyday use, the word often emphasizes the hidden or interpretive layer beneath what is presented. It is especially common in literary criticism, art history, religious studies, and political commentary, where it helps describe how ordinary signs acquire shared cultural meanings.
nounThe use of symbols to represent ideas, qualities, or concepts. It may also refer to the symbolic meanings and associations attached to particular objects, images, or actions.
- The use of symbols to represent ideas or concepts.
- The symbolic meanings or associations attached to objects, images, actions, or events.
- A style of artistic expression in which objects and events carry indirect meanings.
- The use of symbols in politics, religion, literature, or culture to communicate ideas and values.
"The painting is rich in symbolism, with the wilting flowers suggesting the passage of time."
"The dove is often used as a symbol of peace, giving the ceremony a strong sense of symbolism."
"The novel's symbolism is subtle, with repeated images suggesting confinement and escape."
Every symbol carries two layers: what it shows and what it quietly suggests.
Reviewed by Deb Chak, Editor. AI-assisted content curated by RJS Tech Solutions LLP.
Where does symbolism come from?
The word symbolism derives from symbol, which comes from Greek symbolon, meaning a sign or token, formed from sym- meaning 'together' and ballein, meaning 'to throw'. The Greek word referred to an object shared between two parties as a guarantee or means of identification. English adopted the related forms symbolic and symbolism, which came to emphasize representation through signs and the interpretation of those signs.
Related word forms
How symbolism is actually used
Symbolism is common in discussions of art, literature, religion, politics, and culture. It often suggests an indirect or layered meaning rather than a literal interpretation. In literary analysis, it can overlap with allegory and metaphor, but it is broader than any single literary device.
Easily confused with symbolism
Symbolism is the broader practice or use of symbols, while symbolism can also refer specifically to the meanings and associations conveyed through symbols.
A symbol is an individual sign or image that represents something, whereas symbolism is the system or practice of using such signs and images.